Monthly Archives: March 2011

What does a Groot Constantia ca 1790 taste like?

Detta inlägg finns på svenska på min vinblogg Aqua Vitae (This post is a translation from Swedish that was originally posted at my wine blog Aqua Vitae)

I got a comment on a recent post on the ca 1790 Groot Constantia bottle from François Audouze. I’ve read his columns in Swedish wine magazine Livets Goda for several years (though unfortunately not lately). He tells me that he tasted a Groot Constantia vintage 1791 a short while ago – read about it here and here. Obviously the bottle is not quite as unique as I believed, though the shape of the 1791 bottle seems to differ a bit from the Stockholm bottle – perhaps its wine tapped from a barrel into locally made bottle.

Magnus Reuterdahl


A few words on prehistoric and historic wine imports, etc.

Detta inlägg finns på svenska på min vinblogg Aqua Vitae (This post is a translation from Swedish that was originally posted at my wine blog Aqua Vitae)

The Stockholm wine puller guilds emblem

A few weeks ago I wrote about the discovery of a unique wine bottle, found on the sea bed of the Stockholm archipelago in the 1940s and was rediscovered in Vin- och Sprithistoriska museet (the Wine and Spirits Historical Museum) collections a couple weeks ago, read more here. Since then, I been reading up a little on Scandinavian wine imports in prehistoric and historic times, read about vindragarna (the wine pullers) and their guild here (in Swedish), and got hold of some information that I present below. This is but a few scattered notes.

An interesting detail that the Groot Constantia bottle tells us is that wine was imported by the bottle. I have previously thought wine to be primarily imported in barrels or the like and then bottled in this country before sale. There are several examples of this, for example in the archaeological record from the neighbourhoods Apeln and Diplomaten in the city Jönköping – where archaeologist found several shards from bottles and bottle seals made in the Björkenäs glass works on Värmdö (1736-1786), outside of Stockholm. Björknäs glass works made bottles for wine and spirits among other things. The excavation was made by Jönköping County museum a few years ago.

Groot Constanz wine bottle

Via the Wine and Spirits Historical Museum in Stockholm I got an article by Karen Hjort describing the family Schulin’s wine cellar during the 1700s. The article is based on documents from Frederiksdal castle archives in Denmark. The oldest list is from 1744 and  about 50 years older than the bottle found in the Stockholm archipelago. It runs through until 1808. Records show which wines you might expect to find in a bourgeois family in Scandinavia at this time, but also from which countries they imported wine. Johan Sigismund Schulin (1694-1750) had worked in the Executive Board of generalpostamtet (the Post) in Denmark, he was secretary of the German Kancelli etc and finished his career as a contemporary equivalent of foreign minister.

In the first note 504 bottles are quoted: 9 ½ bottles of unfamiliar wine, three samples (a bit unsure of what is meant by sample but it’s not bottles) of Madeira, three samples of Mosel and Rhinsk wine, one Rhone wine, one Burgundy wine and ½ bottle of cherry wine, 83 bottles of English beer and 6 ½ bottle juice. In addition to this there are three oksehoveder (a measure) and 2 ahn and an one anchor rhinsk wine, translated this should be about 700 liters of red wine and 340 liters of Rhine wine. On the list is also mentioned usquebak which is synonymous with whiskey. Among the types of wine are notes of red wines, Pontac, Hermitage, Burgundier, Riinsk wine, French wine, Muscatvin, Samosvin, Mathers, Cote Roti, Constanze, Capvine, Hvid Capvin, Ungarsk wine, Syracuservin, Florentiervin, Peter Semeng etc.

I found this translation table on the measurement oksehoved from 1647 for wine (obviously different dimensions for different products) = 1 ½ Amme = 6 anchor = 240 potter = about 232.5 litres.

A quick glance at these facts shows that there are wines from several regions and countries – many of which still today are among the major regions. Wines from South Africa – the Constanza is there as well – that’s the winery that produced the wine in the bottle found outside of Stockholm. It is mentioned that there is both red and white Contstanz. The white sweet wine was the more famous. In the second half of the 1700s, the Constanz wine, and then the white sweet in particular, became hugely popular among the European aristocracy and was so until the 1880s when wine production in South Africa was hit by phylloxera.

Later on in the documents one can find several other interesting comments such as wines from more other regions, such as Margaux and Médoc, and names of wine merchants, such as Toyon. In total 2799 bottles made its way through the cellar between 1744-1808.

Let’s goback some years in time to the Swedish Middle Ages (1050-1523 AD). In Hans Hildebrands book Sverige Medletiden (Sweden the Middle Ages) it is stated the following on beer and wine; Beer plays the biggest role and can be called the national drink of the time, but wine is also mentioned. The first mention is regarding the funeral of Birger Persson in 1328 AD when three kinds of wine were served; white wine, Rhine wine and red wine from La Rochelle. During the 1500s there are references to wines from Klarethe (Claret, Clairet = Bordeaux), Malmarsey (possibly Italy and wines from grapes Malvasia), from Romani in Spain, Odersberg in Schleisen and from Thorn in Germany. The Wine imports in 1539 were nearly 50 000 litres – compared to Systembolaget’s (the Swedish Monopoloy) sales of wine in 2010 that amounted to 182 471 261 liters (Link in Swedish). In the encyclopedia Medeltidens ABC (the ABC of the Middle Ages), it is said that wine was imported by the aristocracy and the church, the majority of the wine came from Germany. From this book you can also get an idea of the price of wine at 14th century in Sweden. The wine from La Rochelle that were served at the funeral in 1328 costed 12 mark penningar per barrel (ca 150 litres), while the Rhine wine costed about 8 mark penningar per barrel. Compare this with the salary of a craftsman at the time which was about 45 mark penningar/year + food and drink or a farm labourer who earned about one mark penningar money for the summer and half a mark penningar during the winter months at the time. Wine was a luxury product and not for the common man.

The wines are usually shipped in heavy wooden barrels, which made long-distance wine trade in principle only possible through waterways. The long journeys often made the delicate wine go bad. Because of this it was often seasoned with ginger, cloves and or nutmeg. Another popular combination was Klaret and Rhine wine seasoned with sugar, honey, cinnamon, ginger, cardamom and cloves. Then the wine was trickled from the spices, King Gustav Vasa’s (1496-1560 AD) court had it’s own brewer for this, Kilian Vintappare. Another type of spiced wine was Lutendank, a spiced wine mixed with milk (I’m pretty sure I don’t want to taste that!).

There are written sources and archaeological materials that indicate that wine was imported to Scandinavia before the Middle ages. During the Viking Age one can guess that the Vikings came in contact with wine during their journeys to Greece, France and Spain etc, but also through the travels through today’s Russia to the Black Sea and back. When Sweden became Christian during the late Viking Age and the early Middle Ages the wine import became institutionalized as the Church needed wine for communion.

The history of wine begins, however, long before this – the oldest traces have been dated to about 6000 BC. It is believed that the oldest wines were red and the white wines were added later. An early exampel of white wine is that found in amphoraes in Tutankhamen (death cirka1339 BC) tomb. As wine became a commodity it had to be transported and sealed. In antiquity they were transported in amphorae, which were sealed with pitch or resin. Sometimes they were provided with a layer of olive oil on top of the wine’s surface, as in the German example below. They also stirred down different spices and sulfur in order to extend the life of the wine. During the Roman Empire they began to store and transport the wine in barrels (wooden barrels) besides the traditional way of amphorae.

©Historisches Museum der Pfalz

That wine was transported in antiquity is obvious – there are plenty of amphorae around the Mediterranean as proof of that. The oldest complete wine bottle with contents is in the Historical Museum of Palatinate in Germany. It is a ca 1600 years old Roman wine bottle with dolphin-shaped handles, dating to 325 AD. It was found in a Roman stone sarcophagus during excavations 1867. Amazingly, there were and still is some liquid remaining in it, two thirds is viscous and probably some kind of olive oil poured in for preservative reasons. They have also found traces of honey. Underneath this was residues of wine. The contents were analysed in 1916 by senior inspector Schmidt and Professor Halenke. The result showed that it most likely contained wine together with olive oil. Further analysis was done in1934 and 1937/1938 by Professor Grüß and Professor von Stockmann in Berlin. Their findings were never published and was lost, unfortunately, during World War II. The museum’s former director, Dr. Karl Schulz wrote in the 50′s that during the analysis they found scent of aromatic wine. The taste is unknown – no one has tasted the wine. There are currently no plans for new analysis.

The wine bottle can be seen in the “Weinmuseum” as part of the permanent exhibition at the Historical Museum of the Palatinate in Speyer. The image is reproduced with the authorization of the museum.

Link to the Historical museum of the Palatinate (Historisches Museum der Pfalz)

A big thanks goes to the Historisches Museum der Pfalz for information and accessrights to the image.

Magnus Reuterdahl

Källor

Hjort, Karen 2003. En fornem vinlaelder. Siden Saxo 2003:01. Danmark

Hildebrand, Hans (1983 nytryck). Sveriges Medeltid, del 2, Städerna.

Medeltidens ABC

Muntliga källor

Claes Pettersson, Jönköpings läns museum

Ludger Tekampe, Historisches Museum der Pfalz


Runic et Mediævalia 2011

Tonight is the society Runic et Mediævalia holds its annual meeting. After the meeting is held the traditional lecture. This year it’s about Bero Magni (Björn Magnusson). For me he is an unknown but in 15th century Vienna he was probably one of the most reverend Swedes at the time. For more than 30 years he taught as a magister regens at the University at the philosophy department. He donated his library to to the dome in Skara, Sweden. The books are since long lost but through documents about it many of the 138 books are possible to identify. The lecture is hold by Ph.D. Erika Kihlman.

As always it will be both interesting to go to hear the lecture and nice to meet up with acquaintances at the following dinner.

If you’re not a member and you’re interested to promote research on runes and medieval languages, culture and society then join up and get the newest on the topic through the book series edited and issued by Runic et Mediævalia, divided into series Scripta Maior, Scripta minora, Opuscula and Lectiones. Note that most are written in Swedish. More info is available through the webpage.

Magnus Reuterdahl

 


A blast from the past

The other day my eye caught a glimpse of Drakar & Demoner brädspelet (Dungeons & Dragons the board game). I picked up the game, read on the back and suddenly I was 15 again, holding the Dungeons & Dragons RPG module, throwing dices, lost deep inside a fantasy world – I just knew I gotta have that, I gotta play that :)

Tonight I’ll throw those dices again as my hero takes the stance ready to battle trolls, elfs or whatever the game master (in this case the cards) are ready to through at me. I will get out of this cursed woods, I’ll find the secret it holds and the dragon will carry me to victory…

Magnus Reuterdahl


New job, new town, new challenges

Unemployment – bye, bye! Kalmar – Hallo!

I’m south east bound – to Kalmar in Kalmar County on the Swedish south east coast where I will work at Kalmar läns museum (Kalmar County museum) from the end of April ’til September or longer. Kalmar county is part of Småland where I worked a lot in the past, foremost in Kronoberg County but also on a few jobs in Jönköping County where I was born and raised and some years back on Öland in Kalmar County. In 2004 I was part of an excavation team at Ottenby Kungsgård where we excavated an pitted ware culture site (ca 3300-2400 BC), see more on this here.

I’m looking forward to an interesting season :) . If you’re in the neighbourhood don’t be a stranger! Currently I’m looking for housing so if you got any tips send me a mail (inventerare()hotmail()com) or write a comment!

Magnus Reuterdahl


30 Day Song Challenge

Will be updated daily!

I found this on facebook and thought it rather fun, check it out here. I’ll join but I’ll do it here on the blog-.please feel free to follow -. post a link in the comment field and hopefully boyth yopu and I will foind some new, ol or forgotten classics. Btw click on like at the facebookgroup as well.

  • day 01 – your favorite song – not easy and clearly depending on the day – but today it’s:

  • day 02 – your least favorite song - how someone who has made decent aor / hard rock could degenerate into this is beyond me (do you not belive me check this up )!

  • day 03 – a song that makes you happy – though it breaks my heart Ronnie James Dio is no longer among us his voice always puts me in a good mood.

  • day 04 – a song that makes you sad – don’t know if any music really makes me sad – but the ambiance of this reminds me of sadness or perhaps loneliness

  • day 05 – a song that reminds you of someone - mayhap not someone in particular but those first slow-dances from school discos in middle school

  • day 06 – a song that reminds you of somewhere - Do you remeber where you were 1994 April 5th – I do! A sad day

  • day 07 – a song that reminds you of a certain event  - This song reminds me of the Jönköping fair where I worked for several consecutive years at Jönköpings skiv- och bokantikvariat (a second hand record an book store) – among the music played was lots of blues – and who’s the king if not Freddie…

  • day 08 – a song that you know all the words to – now here’s a cathogory with way to many songs so I’ll choose a classic

  • day 09 – a song that you can dance to –  If you call this dancing then I can dance :) the Doom dance or doom stomp!!! I giveth to you Candlemass

  • day 10 – a song that makes you fall asleep - this is a song I like to fall asleep to, from an album I like to fall asleep to

  • day 11 – a song from your favorite band –  favourite band is a really hard one, there are so many to choose from, I feel ambivalent, I’m having second thoughts, its… its… its… well, perhaps not the best but sure enough a favourite band:

  • day 12 – a song from a band you hate  - This is most difficult, I can’t say that I really hate a band – though I strongly dislikes some and this is perhaps the first that came in mind

why? If you don’t remeber or is to young

  • day 13 – a song that is a guilty pleasure - I’m not the biggest fan of country music – but what the heck when its good its darn good

  • day 14 – a song that no one would expect you to love – I think this is impossible ’cause as I like music from most genres most people would probably not be chocked no matter what -though this might unexpected for at least some

  • day 15 – a song that describes you –  This is a song that describes my situation in many ways, I travel a lot, I travel where the jobs are and I always wants to tell a story…

…though my purpose is archaeology and cultural heritage!

  • day 16 – a song that you used to love but now hate - Both love and hate is perhaps strong words concerning this, growing up during the 80′s my boy room walls had two kinds of posters; heavy metal bands and semi naked girls e.g. Samantha Fox, Sabrina etc. I don’t think I ever loved this song but at the time it was on the table – hate is a strong word – I can’t say this is good but awakes memories of time past by… and it’s very much a product of the that time.

  • day 17 – a song that you hear often on the radio – a great tune from the other side

  • day 18 – a song that you wish you heard on the radio - an oldie but goldie if one of those can stem from the 90s

  • day 19 – a song from your favorite album - I feel very fragmented – so this classic is my choice

  • day 20 – a song that you listen to when you’re angry - this is a great song to get aggressions out – as well as great all along and a great album – listen to it :)

though this was a tough contender

  • day 21 – a song that you listen to when you’re happy – great song, great city

  • day 22 – a song that you listen to when you’re sad – Evil Elvis always seems to cheer me up…

  • day 23 – a song that you want to play at your wedding – cheesy – oh yes but the again what is love
  • day 24 – a song that you want to play at your funeral - I really couldn’t decide between these two songs - Though in the end I hope that there is someone else who chooses songs that reminds them of me!

  • day 25 – a song that makes you laugh
  • day 26 – a song that you can play on an instrument
  • day 27 – a song that you wish you could play
  • day 28 – a song that makes you feel guilty
  • day 29 – a song from your childhood
  • day 30 – your favorite song at this time last year

Magnus Reuterdahl


Titta på rutinerna istället för att peta i lagen

Updated with an English summery 2011-03-11

This post is about the Swedish governments new review concerning legislation and national goals on the cultural heritage area, see more here. I’ve chosen to write this in Swedish as the debate concerns Swedish conditions. Scroll down for an English summery!

Igår kom regeringen med ett uppdrag till en särskild utredare att utreda en översyn av lagstiftning och nationella mål på kulturmiljöområdet (Dir 2011:17). Läs regeringens förslag här och pressmeddelandet här.

Ska börja med att säga att dokumentet inte är helt tydligt och att detta är min personliga tolkning – det är inte omöjligt att jag missförstått delar av det.

Efter att ha läst detta tror jag att detta kan komma att innebära betydligt kraftigare förändringar för Sveriges kulturmiljöer och fornlämningar än de förslag till ändringar som föreslås i KML (Kulturmiljölagen), läs mer här (där finns också länkar till svenska kommentarer). Allvarligast är kanske skrivningarna rörande ”moderna” lämningar – dvs industriella lämningar, lämningar efter skogsbruk, lantbruk mm. Lämningar efter våra nära släktingars vardag – min och din farmors, mormors, farfars och morfars föräldrar, lämningar som i många fall visat sig innehålla mycket av intresse och viktig information som är svår att inhämta från skriftliga källor och skattelängder. Lämningar som ligger nära i tid och därför också nära i relation till oss som lever idag. Vidare är de viktiga för oss som jobbar med kulturlandskapet – de är en stor del i att förstå landskapet, hur det utvecklats över tid och rum.

I sammanfattningen står det att utredarens uppdrag är att:

  • lämna sådana förslag till förändringar av lagstiftningen inom kulturmiljöområdet som ska syfta till att öka möjligheterna att leva i, bruka och utveckla kulturskyddade fastigheter och miljöer,
  • göra en redaktionell översyn av lagen (1988:950) om kulturminnen mm, och
  • lämna förslag till hur de särskilda nationella målen förarbetet med kulturmiljön kan tydliggöras och anpassas till de nya kulturpolitiska målen.

Det man vill att utredaren ska titta på är ökade möjligheter att leva i, bruka och utveckla kulturskyddade fastigheter och miljöer.

Utredaren ska

  • kartlägga vilka intressekonflikter som kan finnas mellan skyddet och brukandet av kulturmiljön och analysera hur dessa eventuella konflikter kan överbryggas, och
  • lämna sådana förslag till förändringar av lagstiftningen inom kulturmiljöområdet som syftar till att öka möjligheterna att leva i, bruka och utveckla kulturskyddade fastigheter och miljöer.

Med andra ord vill man minska skyddet av kulturhistoriskt intressanta miljöer och bebyggelser.

Man skriver att utredaren bör ta sin utgångspunkt i att regelverken inom området bör främja ett levande kulturarv som bevaras, används och utvecklas. Utredaren bör också beakta att det finns ett egenvärde i att makten över besluten förs närmare den enskilda människan och att det är viktigt att kulturarvet görs synligt och tar plats på fler ställen i samhället.

Som exempel på detta lyfter man fram att man tycker att tillämpningen av fornlämningsbegreppet, enligt 2 kap. kulturminneslagen, i vissa sammanhang upplevs som otydlig. Utredaren bör därför pröva olika möjligheter till regelförenkling och ökad tydlighet i detta avseende. Det kan tex. innebära att pröva möjligheten att införa en ordning för reglering av selektivt urval och skydd inom vissa kategorier av lämningar eller att pröva möjligheten att införa en ordning som gör att det krävs ett särskilt beslut för att yngre kulturlämningar ska klassas som fasta fornlämningar.

Redan idag kan man säga att det krävs ett särskilt beslut för att yngre kulturlämningar, i regel så kallade övriga kulturhistoriska lämningar, ska klassas som fasta fornlämningar. Detta beslut tas av länsstyrelserna  i samband med exploateringar. Övriga kulturhistoriska lämningar är inte skyddade genom KML utan av Skogårdslagens skyddsparagrafer. I vissa fall har dock länsstyrelserna valt att betrakta dem som fasta fornlämningar – i dessa fall har ofta både ny och mycket intressant information framkommit.

För mig känns det som att regeringen vill ha färre lämningar och mer generella regler. Frågan är hur detta kommer slå – man kan tänka sig att lämningar som fossila åkrar, kolbottnar mm. är de som ligger i riskzonen – dvs lämningar som är stora till ytan eller många till antalet. Ett stort problem här är att kunskapen om våra fossila åkrar bitvis är relativt svag och att de sparats för att det finns stor sannolikhet att de innehåller boplatslämningar från olika tidsåldrar som är svåra att identifiera okulärt. Vidare är många av dem relativt skematiskt inmätta, avgränsningarna inte fullständiga och beskrivningarna ofullständiga varför en generalisering kommer kräva betydande jobb och kostnader för att närmare bestämma dem till tid och innehåll. Idag görs detta i samband med exploateringsarbeten i form av utredningar – vilket i sammanhanget är relativt billigt. Det känns också som att lämningar av ”nyare” karaktär kan komma att få stryka på foten.

Att specifikt titta på enskilda lämningar känns också en aning förlegat då man in första hand bör utgå från landskapet utifrån den europeiska landskapskonventionen – där vi väger in alla dess olika värden och tillgångar såsom kulturella, ekologiska, estetiska, sociala och ekonomiska och utifrån detta gör bedömningar snarare än de enskilda beståndsdelarna. Med andra ord kan det som är viktigt på en plats vara mindre viktigt på en annan, varför generaliseringar är svårt att implementera.

I denna del finns stora källkritiska element för utredaren att ta till sig gällande FMIS, fornminnesinventeringarnas syfte och metoder och hur dessa skiljt sig över tid och rum och hur diskussionerna gått och går kring så kallade nya lämningar.

Utredaren ska också göra en översyn av de särskilda nationella målen för arbetet med kulturmiljön.

Här ska utredaren lämna förslag om hur de särskilda nationella målen för arbetet med kulturmiljön kan tydliggöras och anpassas till de nya kulturpolitiska målen. Syftet med översynen av de nationella målen för arbetet med kulturmiljön är att skapa goda grundförutsättningar för ett offensivt kulturmiljöarbete som aktivt bidrar till ökad livskvalitet och att humanistiska perspektiv ges utrymme att påverka samhällsutvecklingen.

Vad man menar med offensivt framgår inte men det känns som ett ord som inte passar in i övriga skrivningar och för tankarna mot ett systemskifte som går i bjärt kontrast till humanistiska perspektiv. Det är möjligt att jag missförstår regeringens syftningar i detta stycke men så som jag tolkar det ställer jag mig frågan om ni menar att ni vill att vi ska gräva snabbare, gräva bort mer och sänka våra ambitionsnivåer? Jag ställer offensivt emot eftertanke – vilket behövs för att ta bra beslut, för att göra god arkeologi eller kulturmiljövård och för att skapa hållbar kunskap och vård. Om man tar bort eller förändrar ett kulturlandskap är det borta för evigt och kan inte återställas! De vetenskapliga värdena är borta och om det inte finns en bra dokumentation är också möjligheten till att förstå och sätta det i ett sammanhang borta. Att vårda vårt kulturarv för kommande generationer är att se till att de som kommer efter oss har samma chans som vi att tolka och lära av vårt förflutna. Ge oss en chans att använda vetenskapen för att förstå och spara spåren av vårt förflutna på fler sätt än att bara producera rådata och fylla museimagasin, ge oss möjligheten att ge våra framtida forskarkollegor ett material som är användbart även i framtiden. Det är en hållbar kulturmiljöpolitik.

Om utredningen å andra sidan växlar över till att titta på myndighetsrutiner och sätt att få maskineriet mellan myndigheter, exploatörer och undersökare att flyta bättre och gå snabbare så är detta välkommet – det finns en en hel del att arbetat på för att få processer att flyta på smidigare, få en ökad delaktighet med såväl exploatörer som samhällsmedborgare och en bättre kunskapsspridning – men allt sådant kostar tid. Förkortade handläggningstider och igångsättningar av jobb och ökad rättssäkerhet är dock sätt att minska kostnaderna för exploatörerna och göra planeringen smidigare för undersökarna. Ett annat är att få in kulturmiljön tidigare i planeringsprocesserna än idag, då kan både den ekonomiska kostnaden och kostnaden för kulturmiljön minska genom att man tar hänsyn till kulturmiljön och planerar företaget med detta i åtanke. Tyvärr ser jag inte detta ens mellan raderna i denna inlaga.

Det står att utredaren ska samråda med Riksantikvarieämbetet, länsstyrelser, länsmuseer och andra berörda myndigheter samt företrädare för det civila samhället. Utredaren bör även samråda med andra berörda utredningar, t.ex. miljömålsberedningen.

Här hoppas jag att man också samråder med universitet, forskarmiljöer, stiftelser och företag som bedriver arbete inom sektorn, hembygdsföreningar m fl.

Uppdraget ska redovisas senast den 31 mars 2012. Jag önskar dock utredaren landshövdingen i Värmlands län Eva Eriksson och huvudsekreteraren landskapsarkitekten Per-Magnus Nilsson lycka till i sitt arbete och hoppas att de kommer fram med ett både genomtänkt och bra förslag.

Det har skrivits en hel del om detta och eventuella förändringar av upphandlingsregler och KML på bloggar, i tidningar mm – Arkeologiska samfundet samlar upp information – du kan följa den här.

Magnus Reuterdahl

A summery, though perhaps not as short as intended

I believe that this might review might lead to much graver change for the cultural Heritage than the proposed changes in the Cultural Heritage act (KML). This is probably especially true when it comes to “historic” remains not protected by KML.

The special investigator is to;

  • give suggestions for changes of the act regarding the cultural heritage field which will aim to increase opportunities to live, use and develop protected cultural heritage protected buildings and environments,
  • make an editorial revision of KML (1988:950), and
  • give proposals to the specific national goals and the preliminary work with the cultural environment can be clarified and adapted to the new cultural policy objectives.

The special investigator is to;

  • identify conflicts of interest that may exist between the protection and usage of the culture heritage environments and analyse how these potential conflicts can be overcome, and
  • present proposals for legislative changes in the cultural heritage field which aims to increase opportunities to live, use and develop culture heritage protected buildings and environments

In other words the protection is to be lesser than today at the expense of the cultural historical values.

In an example it is mentioned that this could mean that that there should be a regulation singling out certain monuments, buildings or remains that have a special value or that special decisions are to be made to protect ”newer” remains, e.g. historical remains (which btw is the way it’s being done today).

As I interpret this the government want less ancient and historic remains and buildings that are protected by law. I believe that looking at specific individual monuments, is outdated due to the European Landscape Convention – where it is stated that we will treat landscape as a whole, including cultural, ecological, aesthetic, social, economic values and from this make judgements rather than from single components.

In other words, what is important in a place might be less so in another, so generalizations are difficult to implement.

The special investigator will also conduct a review of the specific national goals for the work of the cultural heritage environment.

The investigator shall submit proposals on how the specific national goals for the work on the cultural heritage environment can be clarified and adapted to the new cultural policy objectives. The revision of the national objectives of the work on the cultural environment is to create good prerequisites for an offensive cultural work that actively contributes to improved quality of life and the humanistic perspective given the scope to influence social development.

There is no explanation to the word offensive, but for me it is the contradiction to humanistic perspectives. Scientific questions and humanistic values are difficult to measure in economic calculus. If we allow greater usage, more changes and less protection cultural historic values will be lost, values that cannot be replaced. I would rather see that the investigator looks at the authorities tools to make the processes between them, the buyers and the workers within the cultural heritage field go faster and smoother. Though I can’t find any such directives in this text.

Magnus Reuterdahl


A special investigator is about to review the legislation and the national goals of the cultural heritage area in Sweden

The Swedish government will review the concerning legislation and national goals on the cultural heritage area.

According to the conclusions a special investigator is to review the legislation and the national goals of cultural heritage area. The inquiry will include:

  • proposals for legislative change in the cultural heritage area which will aim to increase opportunities to live, cultivate and develop the culture protected buildings and environments
  • do an editorial review of the Act (1988:950) of the Heritage Conservation, and
  • to submit proposals to how the specific national goals for the work on the cultural historical environments can be clarified and adapted to the new cultural policy objectives.

It is to report to the goverment March 31st 2012.

I’ve yet to study this document in detail and will come back to it as soon as possible and I’ll also try to find out who will be the special investigator. Landshövding (Governor) Eva Eriksson is the special investigator.

The directive for the special investigator are here and the press release here.

I’ll come back to this tomorrow though I think I’ll write it in Swedish!

Magnus Reuterdahl


A bottle from the past

Detta inlägg finns på svenska på min blogg Aqua Vitae – välkommen!

Anna Oswaldson Vin & Sprithistoriska Museet showing the bottle

The other day I posted a story on my wine blog Aqua Vitae, this an English version of that post, though a bit shortened,  about an odd find. It’s not every day I find common denominators between my interest in wine and in archaeology – this was such an occasion!

At the Historical Museum of Wines and Spirits (Vin & Sprithistoriska museet) in Stockholm an interesting bottle surfaced. It was originally found in the 1940s by a diver and later donated to the museum. The bottle is complete and from the 1790s – interestingly enough with a seal which reads: CON STANTIA WYN which makes an identification possible. The bottle comes from the South African wineries Groot Constantia. Groot Constantia is the oldest winery in South Africa founded in 1685. When I did some research on the winery I found a link to Sweden – in 1712 it was bought by a Swedish adventurer, a captain Oloff Bergh and his wife Anna de Koningh. Oloff Bergh was born in Gothenburg in 1643 and got eleven children with his Anna who took over the winery in 1716 when Oloff died. She managed it until her death in 1734. Here ends the Swedish connection until the bottle was refound at the museum. The most plausible explanation is that it came to Sweden via the East India Company and ended up on the bottom of the sea in the Stockholm archipelago.

A nice little story – it could very well end there, but now I want to taste the wine – of course today’s wines haven’t all that much in common with the wines of the 1790s but still its produced in the same place. The wine is normally available in Sweden but the importer seems to be out of stock at the moment.

I’ll come back to this issue as it opened up for several interesting questions and it became obvious to me that my knowledge of the history of wine have some big gaps. I was oblivious to the fact that wine was produced in South Africa at that time, that there were an export market from the new world at this point and that they were shipped in bottles – I believed they be shipped in oak barrels and tapped on bottle on site. There are finds of similar bottles, or rather pieces of bottles in the USA and in Germany so its not a single bottle. Well I’ll get back to you on this as I find more background material.

Magnus Reuterdahl


Tore Artelius R.I.P.

I just got word that Swedish archaeologist Tore Artelius (1954-2011) have passed away. I met him on occasion and had some contacts via mail as we shared a common interest in Iron Age grave fields. Tore Artelius dissertation and several of his articles and reports are good and important reads on Iron Age burials and the eschatological views of the time. Check out works as:

Bortglömda föreställningar: begravningsritual och begravningsplats i halländsk yngre järnålden

En vikingatida gravplats i norra Småland :arkeologisk undersökning av fornlämning RAÄ 19, Bogla 1:35 i Rogberga socken och Jönköpings kommun med anledning av ombyggnad av Riksväg 31 förbi Rogberga kyrka by Tore Artelius och Anna Kristensson ; med bidrag av Jan Agertz

Den gamla döden och den nya: om vikingatidens förkristna begravningar, religiösa idéer och religionsskiftet

A symbolic farewell to nature : fencing at late Viking Age burial grounds. Dealing with the dead. Archaeological perspectives on prehistoric Scandinavian burial ritual – Tore Artelius & Anna Kristensson

…among many others. Though I can’t say I knew him well as a person, I will miss him as a Scientist and within Swedish archaeology.

My thoughts go out to his family and loved ones!

Magnus Reuterdahl



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